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''L'Oiseau bleu'' (also known as ''The Blue Bird'' and ''Der Blaue Vogel'') is a large oil painting created in 1912–1913 by the French artist and theorist Jean Metzinger (1883–1956); considered by Guillaume Apollinaire and André Salmon as a founder of Cubism, along with Georges Braque and Pablo Picasso. ''L'Oiseau bleu'', one of Metzinger's most recognizable and frequently referenced works, was first exhibited in Paris at the Salon des Indépendants in the spring of 1913 (n. 2087), several months after the publication of the first (and only) Cubist manifesto, ''Du «Cubisme»'', written by Jean Metzinger and Albert Gleizes (1912). It was subsequently exhibited at the 1913 Erster Deutscher Herbstsalon in Berlin (titled ''Der blaue Vogel'', n. 287). Apollinaire described ''L'Oiseau bleu'' as a 'very brilliant painting' and 'his most important work to date'. ''L'Oiseau bleu'', acquired by the City of Paris in 1937, forms part of the permanent collection at the Musée d'Art Moderne de la Ville de Paris.〔(Jean Metzinger, ''L'Oiseau bleu'', Musée d'Art Moderne de la Ville de Paris )〕 ==Description== ''L'Oiseau bleu'' is an oil painting on canvas with dimensions 230 x 196 cm (90.5 by 77.2 in). The work represents three nude women in a scene that contains a wide variety of components. ''L'Oiseau bleu'', writes Joann Moser, uses a wealth of anecdotal detail "which comprises a compendium of motifs found in earlier and later paintings by Metzinger: bathers, fan, mirror, ibis, necklace, a boat with water, foliage and an urban scene. It is a mélange of interior and exterior elements integrated into one of Metzinger's most intriguing and successful compositions."〔Joann Moser, 1985, ''Jean Metzinger in Retrospect, Cubist Works, 1910–1921'', The University of Iowa Museum of Art, J. Paul Getty Trust, University of Washington Press. p. 43.〕 The central standing 'foreground' figure is shown affectionately holding in both hands a ''blue bird'' (thus the title of the painting). The reclining figure wearing a necklace shown in the lower center of the canvas is placed next to a pedestal fruit bowl and another bird with the unmistakable coloration of the rare Scarlet ibis (''L'Ibis rouge''), a rich symbol for both exoticism and fashion. Costume designers for Parisian cabarets such as Le Lido, Folies Bergère, the Moulin Rouge and haute couture houses in Paris during the 1910s used the feathers of the scarlet Ibis in their shows and collections. The Ibis is a bird to which the ancient Egyptians paid religious worship and attributed to it a 'virgin purity'.〔(The Ibis in myth, science and palaeontology, by David Bressan, 2011 )〕〔(Georges Cuvier, 1831, A discourse on the revolutions of the surface of the globe, and the changes thereby produced in the animal kingdom ) and (Full text here (translated from French, ''Le Règne Animal'...', the first edition of which appeared in four octavo volumes in 1817. In 1826 Cuvier would publish a revised version under the name ''Discours sur les révolutions de la surface du globe'') )〕 A mysterious pyramidal shape is seen as if through a porthole to the right of the reclining figure's head, though it remains a matter of speculation whether there exists any relation to the ibis or pyramids of ancient Egypt. In front of the pyramid appears a shape that resembles a sundial, perhaps meant as the element of time, or 'duration', as the clock placed in the upper right hand corner of his ''Nude'' of 1910.〔Jean Metzinger, ''Nude'', 1910〕 Two other birds, in addition to the blue bird and scarlet ibis can be seen in the composition, one of which resembles a green heron. A large steamship can be seen bellowing gaseous vapor from its funnel in the distant sea or ocean, and a smaller boat (or ''canot'') is visible below. On the left half of Metzinger's ''L'Oiseau Bleu'', holding in her right hand a yellow fan (éventail) is a sitting nude who in her left hand holds a mirror into which she gazes. In the rest of the scene, various items and divers elements are placed, including in the upper center (practically at the highest point of the painting) the Sacré-Cœur Basilica, located at the summit of the butte Montmartre, the highest point of the city. This popular monument is just up the hill from where Metzinger lived and worked (Rue Lamarck) prior to his move to Meudon around 1912. It is also a short distance from Le Bateau-Lavoir, widely known as the birthplace of Cubism. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「L'Oiseau bleu (Metzinger)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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, 1910, Salon d'Automne, Les Peintre Cubist, Apollinaire published 1913.jpg){kind=link}